Why Conservation Agencies like Missouri Department of Conservation Discourages Planting Invasive Species and How to Eliminate Them

Bush Honeysuckle

As stewards of our natural landscapes, it is our responsibility to protect the health and biodiversity of our environment. However, certain plants, despite their aesthetic appeal or quick growth, can have devastating effects on local ecosystems. In Missouri, the Department of Conservation (MDC) and other conservation groups strongly discourage the planting of invasive species such as honeysuckle and autumn olive. Here’s why these plants pose such a threat and how homeowners and landowners can take effective steps to eliminate them.

The Threat of Invasive Species

1. Disruption of Native Ecosystems:
Invasive species like honeysuckle and autumn olive outcompete native plants for resources such as light, water, and nutrients. This disruption can lead to the decline of native plant populations, which in turn affects the wildlife that depends on them. For instance, birds and insects that rely on native plants for food and habitat may struggle to survive. In particular, Missouri's wild turkey habitat has been negatively impacted as their main sense for defense is their eyesight (as Missouri  turkey hunters well know). Since areas with thick invasive species make it hard for them to see in the choked out forest understory they avoid these areas resulting in habitat loss.

2. Alteration of Soil Chemistry:
Autumn olive, in particular, can change the nitrogen levels in the soil, making it less suitable for native plants that thrive in low-nitrogen environments. This alteration can lead to a cascade of negative effects on the entire ecosystem.

3. Decreased Biodiversity:
By dominating the landscape, invasive species reduce plant diversity. This monoculture can weaken ecosystems, making them more susceptible to diseases, pests, and climate change.

4. Economic Impact:
Controlling invasive species and mitigating their damage can be costly for landowners and government agencies. The presence of these plants can also lower property values and reduce the productivity of agricultural land.

Autumn Olive - Invasive Species

Why Honeysuckle and Autumn Olive Are Problematic

Honeysuckle:
Honeysuckle species, particularly the bush honeysuckle, grow rapidly and form dense thickets that choke out native plants. They produce a large number of seeds that are easily dispersed by birds, leading to widespread colonization. Additionally, their early leaf-out in the spring shades out native plants before they have a chance to grow.

Autumn Olive:
Autumn olive is a hardy shrub that thrives in a variety of soil conditions. It produces abundant fruit, which birds eat and disperse widely. Its ability to fix nitrogen allows it to grow in poor soils, further outcompeting native plants that are adapted to those conditions.

Tips for Eliminating Invasive Species

Successfully removing invasive species requires persistence and a combination of methods. Here are some strategies for homeowners and landowners:

1. Mechanical Removal:

• Hand-pulling: For smaller plants or seedlings, hand-pulling can be effective, especially when the soil is moist. Ensure you remove the entire root to prevent regrowth.
• Cutting and Mowing: Regularly cutting or mowing can weaken the plants over time. However, this method often needs to be combined with other techniques, as it may not kill the root systems.

2. Chemical Control:

• Herbicides: Apply appropriate herbicides to cut stumps or foliage following guidelines from the MDC or a professional. Herbicides can be effective, but they must be used responsibly to avoid harming native plants and wildlife.

3. Prescribed Burning:

• In some cases, controlled burns can help manage invasive species. This method should only be carried out by trained professionals to ensure safety and effectiveness.

4. Replanting with Native Species:

• After removing invasive plants, replant the area with native species to prevent re-invasion. Native plants help restore the ecosystem balance and provide habitat for local wildlife.

5. Monitoring and Maintenance:

• Regularly check your property for new growth of invasive species and address them promptly. Consistent monitoring is crucial for long-term control.

Conclusion

The fight against invasive species like honeysuckle and autumn olive is crucial for preserving Missouri's natural beauty and biodiversity. By understanding the threats these plants pose and taking proactive steps to eliminate them, homeowners and landowners can play a significant role in conservation efforts. Remember, healthy ecosystems benefit everyone, from the smallest insects to the largest mammals, and ultimately, to us as well. Let’s work together to protect our environment for future generations.

More Info from MDC

MDC says invasive bush honeysuckle vulnerable now

Late fall is a good time to battle invasive species that harms native plant communities

Volunteers for Kansas City Wildlands recently held workdays to cut, pull and spray invasive bush honeysuckle at several parks in the metro area. The volunteer program is a partner with MDC and public park agencies to remove invasive species from high-quality natural communities on park land.

Kansas City, Mo. – Bush honeysuckle remains green as autumn fades and winter arrives, which offers a chance for homeowners to help battle this invasive species. It’s easy to spot in early winter as one of the last shrubs to drop leaves. Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) biologists and other public land managers work to reduce bush honeysuckle in the Kansas City area because its prolific growth chokes out native plants valuable for their beauty and wildlife habitat.

   Bush honeysuckle is an import from Asia that produces leaves earlier in the spring and holds on to them late in autumn. Some stands will still be green into December given mild weather conditions, said Larry Rizzo, MDC natural history biologist. That gives it a competitive advantage over many native plants. Plus, the plant’s roots produce a chemical that inhibits the roots of other plants. The shrub grows fast and produces bright red berries in fall that birds eat and then spread the seeds.

   But those berries are not very nutritious for birds, Rizzo said. And bush honeysuckle crowds out plants and trees that are good for birds and other wildlife.

   “It’s like the potato chips of berries for birds,” he said.

   Volunteers recently donated workdays to remove bush honeysuckle at several public parks in the Kansas City metro area. Those projects are a partnership between MDC, the non-profit Kansas City Wildlands, and municipal park agencies. The goal is keeping harmful invasive plants out of high quality natural areas on public lands.

   But bush honeysuckle is also harmful growing in yards and on acreages or farms. It often sprouts up along fence lines and in brushy areas. Once started, it’s hard to stop. Homeowners can help by spotting bush honeysuckle and removing it from their property.

   “It’s really easy to identify right now,” said Erin Shank, MDC wildlife biologist.  “Our native vegetation is not green anymore this time of year so bush honeysuckle really stands out.”

   The plant’s active state also makes it susceptible to treating its foliage with herbicides if it remains green in November.

    “You can do so with minimal to no damage to native vegetation because natives are dormant and won’t uptake the chemical,” Shank advised.

   Foliar spraying of honeysuckle is most effective on young to middle-aged stands that average less than seven feet in height. The most efficient tool for foliar treatment is a mist blower, which is most useful on areas larger than one acre. Foliar spraying can also be accomplished less expensively with simple backpack sprayers. Shank recommends a three percent glyphosate (Roundup) solution with an added surfactant. Coat as much of the foliage as possible. Foliar spray when weather forecast predicts dry conditions for at least four hours after treatment.

   When plants are over seven feet high, cutting and stump treating honeysuckle is necessary. This practice can be done any time of year when the temperature is above freezing though there is some evidence that mid-autumn timing may be more effective. Cut stumps as low to the ground as possible, then treat the stump with 20 percent glyphosate solution using a squirt bottle within 10 minutes. It is crucial to treat the stump quickly after cutting. The low humidity conditions of fall causes stumps to dry enough in a short time to inhibit the uptake of the chemical to the root system. The cut surface of the stump should be lightly coated; herbicide does not need to be dripping off the stump.

    Once bush honeysuckle is gone, what are some good ways to get green back into a yard?

    “There is a whole suite of native plants that are great to replace it with,” Shank said.  She suggests American beauty berry, fragrant sumac, vernal witch hazel, wild plum, and choke cherry to name a few.  An excellent source of native plant alternatives can be found atwww.GrowNative.org.  These plants will also be far more beneficial to native wildlife than the exotic bush honeysuckle.

   Homeowners can help win the war against the invasive bush honeysuckle, and now is the perfect time to attack it.  For more information on controlling bush honeysuckle, go tohttp://mdc.mo.gov/node/5411.

   Kansas City Wildlands program has also developed a Honeysuckle Academy training program to help homeowners associations or other groups battle the invasive species in their neighborhood. For information, call (816) 561-1087.