Coyotes: A Few Facts and a Caution from the MDC

 The introduction of this blog post is not to suggest that the cautionary information from MDC on pets during coyote breeding season should be ignored or minimized - quite to the contrary. It is meant to offer some context about the lives of these important animals in the natural ecosystem.

As we spread out into natural areas, coyote habitat is compromised along with the habitat of many other parts of the natural world. Coyotes, unlike many other animals or adept at adapting to a minimized habitat. Though they would much prefer to be in an area that was wild and unbroken with urban sprawl, their survival instinct is strong. If you live in an urban or suburban environment that has patches of woods and other cover, coyotes will utilize these areas for their needs.

Think of a creek that meanders through a subdivision or a green space set aside from development. These are areas where coyotes will possibly locate. Having said that, it is not necessarily the case that if coyotes exist, there presence will be mutually exclusive to pets being in the area.

In studies done on coyotes from a wide variety of areas, scat analysis informs scientists that by far, the largest portion of a coyote's diet is rodents. You probably wouldn't object that.  Also, in these studies, the percentage of the coyote's diet attributable to pet predation is so low to be insignificant.  But, the percentage is not zero, and if your pet is attacked or killed by a coyote, none of these statistics will matter.

So, if you are worried about Fluffy, follow some of the suggestions offered in the following excellent MDC release. For more information about the outdoors in Missouri and elsewhere, whether that be fishing, hunting, camping, hiking, or more, visit Family-Outdoors.

*Some of the information contained above is from the Urban Coyote Research Project.

Coyotes typically breed in February and March. 
MDC says it’s important to be vigilant of
pets this time of year in areas where
coyotes are known to live.

MDC cautions pet owners that coyote encounters are possible this time of year

Coyotes start breeding in February and are more active, increasing potential for encounters with pets.

St. LOUIS, Mo.—Breeding season for coyotes begins in February, which makes them more active this time of year.  The Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) says it’s important to be vigilant of pets during this time in areas where coyotes are known to live.

Unlike many other kinds of wildlife, coyotes adapt particularly well around human development and coexist with people in many places.  These areas can include municipal parks and other urban green space, golf courses, cemeteries, suburban wooded common areas, and even within subdivisions themselves. 

As a result, it’s possible for encounters to occur between these wild canines and people’s pets.  Coyotes have also been known on occasion to attack small dogs.  Coyotes may attack family pets not as a food source, but instead because they see them as territorial competition.

One of the secrets behind the coyote’s survival success is their diet.  As scavengers, coyotes will eat just about anything, including foxes, groundhogs, mice, rabbits, squirrels, fruits, vegetables, birds, insects, carrion (dead animals) and common household garbage.

Coyotes typically breed in February and March.  Females give birth to four or five pups about 60 days later.

Because food requirements increase dramatically during pup rearing, April through May is when encounters between humans and urban coyotes are most common.  At that time, coyotes are on the move more seeking food, and may act more aggressively toward any animal they see as potential competition, like family dogs.

So how can encounters between coyotes and people be minimized?  These three things are key:  food, scare tactics, and vigilance.

Firstly, ensure that your yard or property has no food sources readily available to coyotes.  If food is deliberately or inadvertently provided by people, adult coyotes and their pups quickly learn not to fear humans and will develop a dependency on these easy food sources.  MDC urges dog and cat owners not to leave pet food outside, to securely cover all trash containers, and consider waiting to put trash containers out as close to pick up time as possible.

Think about bird feeders too. While coyotes are usually not interested in bird food, bird feeders attract rodents, especially squirrels, which in turn attract coyotes.

MDC recommends the use of scare tactics to instill fear of humans into coyotes.  If a coyote should approach or be seen in the yard, homeowners should do everything possible to make it feel unwelcome.  This could include yelling or making other loud, threatening noises, throwing rocks, spraying garden houses, or blowing air horns.  If its encounter with humans is unpleasant, a coyote will be less likely to come back.

Finally, vigilance regarding pets is extremely important.  MDC cautions that pet owners should not leave their pets outside unattended, especially during the hours of dusk, nighttime, and dawn.  These are the periods coyotes are most active.  Owners should be with their pets and have them in constant view during these times.

Installing a fence around yards may also help.  Fences should be at least six feet high and dug into the ground six inches deep, so the agile and resourceful canines cannot jump or dig under them.

More information on dealing with nuisance coyotes can be found at https://short.mdc.mo.gov/Zaa, or in a free brochure obtainable by writing:  Controlling Conflicts with Urban Coyotes in Missouri, PO Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102. Or e-mail pubstaff@mdc.mo.gov.